Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 3rd Edition By Kenneth J. Peak, Tamara D. Madensen,
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Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 3rd Edition By Kenneth J. Peak, Tamara D. Madensen,
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Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 3rd Edition By Kenneth J. Peak, Tamara D. Madensen
Table Of Content
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I. Criminal Justice as a System: The Basics
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE: ESSENTIAL THEMES AND PRACTICES
Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases
Crime Control and Due Process: Do Ends Justify Means?
Discretion: Making and Applying the Law
The Criminal Justice Process: An Overview of Flow and Functions
The Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice
Ethics Throughout the Criminal Justice System
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
2. FOUNDATIONS OF LAW AND CRIME: NATURE, ELEMENTS, AND DEFENSES
Introduction
Common Law and Its Progeny
Modern-Day Sources and Hierarchy of Law
Criminal and Civil Law
Substantive and Procedural Law
Essential Elements: Mens Rea and Actus Reus
Felonies and Misdemeanors
Offense Definitions and Categories
Defenses
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
3. THEORIES OF CRIME AND MEASURING VICTIMIZATION
Introduction
Classical and Positivist Theories
Biological, Trait, and Developmental Theories
Social Structure Theories
Social Process Theories
Social Conflict Theories
Feminist Theories
Environmental Criminology Theories
In Their Own Words: Offenders Speak
Measuring Crime and Victimization
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
4. ETHICAL ESSENTIALS: “DOING RIGHT WHEN NO ONE IS WATCHING”
Introduction
Good Examples of Bad Examples
Philosophical Foundations
Ethics in Policing
Ethics in the Courts
Ethical Conduct of Federal Employees
Ethics in Corrections
The Ethical Decision-Making Process
Ethics Tests for the Criminal Justice Student
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
Part II. The Police
5. POLICE ORGANIZATION: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Introduction
English and Colonial Roots: An Overview
Policing Comes to the United States
Federal Law Enforcement
State Agencies
Local Agencies: Municipal Police Departments and Sheriff’s Offices
Interested in a Career? Some General Considerations
On Guard: The Private Police
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
6. POLICE AT WORK: PATROLLING AND INVESTIGATING
Introduction
From Citizen to Patrol Officer
Having the “Right Stuff”: A Working Personality
Defining the Role
Stressors in Police Work
Police Discretion
Community Policing and Problem Solving
The Work of Forensics and Detectives
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
7. POLICING METHODS AND CHALLENGES: ISSUES OF FORCE, LIABILITY, AND TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction
Use of Force: A Sacred Trust
When Failing the Public Trust: Civil Liability
Selected Technologies: Uses and Concerns
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
8. EXPOUNDING THE CONSTITUTION: LAWS OF ARREST, SEARCH, AND SEIZURE
Introduction
The Fourth Amendment
The Fifth Amendment
The Sixth Amendment
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
Part III. The Courts
9. COURT ORGANIZATION: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, AND THE TRIAL PROCESS
Introduction
American Courts: A Dual Court System
State Courts
Federal Courts
Making Preparations: Pretrial Processes
The Trial Process
Technologies in the Court
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
10. THE BENCH AND THE BAR: THOSE WHO JUDGE, PROSECUTE, AND DEFEND
Introduction
Those Who Would Be Judges: Selection Methods and Issues
Judges’ Benefits, Training, and Challenges
The Art of Judging, Courtroom Civility, and Judicial Misconduct
The Attorneys
Courtroom Work Group
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
11. COURT METHODS AND CHALLENGES: SENTENCING AND PUNISHMENT
Introduction
Purposes of Punishment
Types of Sentences to Be Served
Sentencing Guidelines
Victim Impact Statements
Capital Punishment
Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances
Criminal Appeals
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
Part IV. Corrections
12. PRISONS AND JAILS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Introduction
Correctional Facilities as Organizations
State Prisons as Organizations
Federal Prisons
Supermax Prisons
Private Prisons
Jails as Organizations
Technologies in Correctional Facilities: The Good and the Bad
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
13. THE INMATES’ WORLD: THE “KEEPERS” AND THE “KEPT”
Introduction
The Nature of Incarceration
Prison as Work
Jail Personnel
Issues of Prison Governance
Preparation for Reentry and Aftercare
Prisoners’ Constitutional Rights
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
14. CORRECTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY: PROBATION, PAROLE, AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION
Introduction
Why Alternatives to Incarceration?
Origins of Probation and Parole
Probation and Parole Today
Do Probation and Parole Work?
Functions of Probation and Parole Officers
Other Alternatives: Intermediate Sanctions
Confronting Recidivists: The Risk-Needs- Responsivity (RNR) Model
Restorative Justice
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
Part V. Spanning the System: Methods and Issues
15. JUVENILE JUSTICE: PHILOSOPHY, LAW, AND PRACTICES
Introduction
History of Juvenile Justice
Unique Philosophy, Principles, and Goals
Juvenile Offending Today
Youth Gangs: An Overview
Significant Court Decisions
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
16. ON THE CRIME POLICY AND PREVENTION AGENDA: TERRORISM, THE MENTALLY ILL IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, AND THE THREAT OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
Introduction
Terrorism
The “New Asylums”: The Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System
Immigration and Crime
Immigration and the Role of Law Enforcement Agencies
IN A NUTSHELL
KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
LEARN BY DOING
Appendix: Constitution of the United States
Answers
Glossary
Notes
Index
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