What Is Psychology International Edition 3rd Edition By Ellen E. Pastorino – Test Bank

Chapter 11—How Do We Understand and Interact with Others?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following would typically not be a particular interest of a social psychologist?
a. The perceptions that we make of others and the factors that influence those perceptions
b. The factors that influence whether or not we will help someone in need
c. The developmental stages a person experiences from birth through adulthood
d. Attitudes and how they influence and are influenced by behavior

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 449
OBJ: The Big Picture: How Do We Navigate Our Social World?
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

2. Social psychology is the study of
a. the principles and concepts that govern how we learn from the environment.
b. individual traits and how they predict our responses to the environment.
c. how we think and behave in social situations.
d. how we think and behave in social situations.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 449
OBJ: The Big Picture: How Do We Navigate Our Social World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

3. Classical conditioning most often explains the ____ aspect of an attitude.
a. physiological
b. behavioral
c. cognitive
d. information

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 450
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

4. Whereas operant conditioning can influence attitudes through the power of ____, classical conditioning can influence attitudes through the power of ____.
a. nature; nurture
b. consequences; association
c. feeling; thinking
d. cognition; behavior

ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 450
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

5. Operant conditioning influences the formation of attitudes through the
a. association of two stimuli leading to an emotional response.
b. development of cognitive schemes.
c. observation of others’ behavior and the consequences they experience.
d. consequences we receive for our own behaviors.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 450
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Factual

6. When attitudes are learned through the attention we pay to others and their behavior, this provides an example of
a. observational conditioning.
b. instrumental conditioning.
c. operant conditioning.
d. classical conditioning.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 451
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

7. The attitudes that people hold tend to be ____ the attitudes held by their parents.
a. similar to
b. more conservative than
c. more liberal than
d. the exact opposite of

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 451
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Factual

8. Psychologists who study attitude-behavior consistency point out that
a. men and women show great differences in this area.
b. we often engage in behaviors that go against our attitudes.
c. children show inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, but adults rarely do.
d. we rarely behave inconsistently with our attitudes.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 451
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

9. An attitude that is learned through direct experience with the attitude object would be expected to
a. be less resistant to extinction.
b. last only temporarily.
c. be predictive of future behavior.
d. have a greater emotional basis than a cognitive basis.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 452
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

10. Which of the following would improve the consistency between attitude and behavior?
a. The norms of the situation require a behavior that is contrary to attitudes.
b. The attitude is retrieved from memory quickly and easily.
c. The attitude is high in ambivalence.
d. The attitude was learned through indirect experience.

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 452
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Factual

11. Which of the following is not an attitude?
a. Liking spinach soufflé and parsnips
b. Disliking boxing, football, and wrestling
c. Having green as a favorite color
d. Believing that El Salvador is in Central America

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 450
OBJ: Attitudes: Why Do We Change Our Minds? MSC: TYPE: Applied